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1. Stating two contrasting points in a balanced way, not emphasizing the difference
On the other hand (另一方面)
I can’t decide which country to study in. Britain has many universities and a long history, so it would be interesting to study there. On the other hand, Australia has a nicer climate. It’s a difficult decision.
Alternatively (作为一种选择)
You could get a degree in accountancy in Britain. Alternatively, you could do it in Australia or New Zealand.
Then again (然而) (Used when an alternative idea suddenly comes to mind.)
We might get married this year. Then again, we might delay it for a year or two – we haven’t decided yet.
2. Stating two contrasting points and emphasizing the difference
However (A little formal)
I’m interested in science and computers. However, my sister’s more interested in art and music.
Nevertheless (a little formal) (不过, 虽然如此, 然而, 仍然)
I wouldn’t say that all advertisements are a bad influence on children – some of them are quite informative and entertaining. Nevertheless, I think some advertisements might be detrimental to children. For example, …
Having said that = That said
(A little formal. Stress on the word, “said”. Meaning = “Even though I just said ‘A’, an alternative or opposing idea, ‘B’ is also true.”)
Learning English isn’t easy; it takes hard work and practice. Having said that, many people do become quite fluent after a few years of study.
At the same time (但是, 然而)
I think good teachers have to be quite strict in order to keep the class under control. At the same time, teachers should be warm and friendly so the students can relate to them as human beings.
All/Just the same (仍然,尽管如此)
Studying overseas can be wonderful experience for students. All the same, they have to work very hard to make up for their language deficiencies.
Mind you (你要知道)
(Esp. British English. Stress on the word, ‘you’. Informal = good to use! Meaning = “Even though I just said ‘A’, don’t forget this important opposing or contrasting point, 'B'.”)
To tell you the truth, I don’t really like my job very much. Mind you, the salary’s quite good!
Still (还是,然而)
It’s going to take me a few years and quite a lot of money before I get my doctorate. Still, I think it’ll be worth it in the end because …
Yet (还是,然而)
He does the least study of any of us, yet he almost always gets the best grades!
Instead (代替)
Don't overuse any of the examples shown here. Instead, show a variety of ways to express your meaning.
I don't read newspapers very often nowadays. Instead, I either watch the news on TV or I read it on the internet.
In spite of (this, that); Despite this; Despite that (但仍然)
The second hotel was more expensive than the first one, about double the room rate, in fact. In spite of the cost, we chose to stay at the second one because we wanted a taste of luxury for a night.
Even so (尽管情况如此)
(In writing this is within a single sentence but in speaking it sounds like it is beginning a new sentence.)
Studying a foreign language overseas is much more expensive than studying it at home; (but,) even so, it’s definitely the best way to learn a language.
Conversely (相反. Very good for academic writing, especially Task 1 in the Writing test, but too formal for everyday speech)
Global warming will probably result in some farming areas in the warm parts of the world becoming arid and unusable. Conversely, places that are too cold for farming now might become suitable for farming as they become warmer.
In contrast (相反)
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