[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢定位词专题 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢定义 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢定位词:在题目中可以帮助做题者定位到原文出处的单词或词组(适用于所有阅读题型) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢定位词之分类:AA重现; AB重现 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢定位词之AA重现—适用于所有阅读题型!! [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]1.名词(最常用) (若名词定位词找不到,或不明显;可以选择其他如:) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]1.专有动词(irrigate, evolve, talk) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]2.连词、介词(though, even) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢AA重现定位词之名词四大分类 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢所有同数字有关的名词 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢所有首字母大写的名词 (eg:人名、地名、机构名、书名) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢所有专有名词、生僻词 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢所有带符号的单词(引号、连词符号、黑体、斜体) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢定位词之AB重现--三大类 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]1.词性改变(N-V-A之间的相互转换)或共享词根 Eg:active-activate-activity; irritable-irritate-irritability; misconception-mistake(共有mis-前缀) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢AB重现之三大类
2.同义词、近义词—原则:求同不求异(词性可以不一样,意义可以不一样) 近义词之四原则: A.共有汉字原则; B.相关性原则(画圆); C.整体对局部原则(范围上的包含关系); D.抽象对具体原则 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢最经典的同义词替换组合 共有汉字: development-improvement-progress-advance-expansion-growth; link=connection (connected)=association (associated)=relationship (related) =join monitor=measure=examine=test=evaluate=speculate rise=increase=grow=climb=up=add=raise=具体表示增加的动词(double/triple/quadruple).. drop=decrease=jump=down=fall=decline=reduce=lessen=具体表示减少的动词(halve)…
[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢相关性 Money=fund=financial/finance=support=economic=cost Similar=resemble=like=as=imitate=mimic=compare Deficient=limited=restricted=short/age=lack=dearth=rare/-ity=scarce/-ity=need=insufficient Military=army/force=weapon=soldier=war/battle=battlefield Teach=learn=teacher=educate/train=students=lesson/course=curriculum=classroom/school remarkable=considerable=dramatic=sharp=magnificent=spectacular=striking slight=trivial=small=nuance=fine=unspectacular variety/various=diversity/diverse=all kinds of=a wide range of=different=a large number of
[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢最经典的同义词替换组合 抽象对具体 time=years/months/days/hours distance=miles/kilometres/metres… amount/level/proportion/number/rate量词=具体的数字 classes of animals=fish &birds [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢Location/where= [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢Speed= [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢Size=
[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢最经典的同义词替换组合 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢整体对局部: [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢physical hazards/wound=death [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢organ=brain [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢product=meat [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢component=computer drives
[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢特别注意特别注意喽 A and B=B and A=A or B=A also B=A as well as B=A, B as well/too=A; B=not A, but B= not only A but also B=partly A, partly B=one A, another B=first A, second B=A with B More than one=two=A as well as B, A and B, A also B…(C4P44Q594Q17)
[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢AB重现之三大类 3.意义不同但经推理归纳,方向趋同 Eg: be responsible for=cause=associated 由此,很多及物动词A+vt+B,也可以引申出A和B是有联系的,也可以同associated类表示关联的动词构成同义词; A +比较级than+B=different,所有含有比较级的形容词副词短语都可以同different对等; change=different [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢Exception—哪些名词不能作为定位词?
[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]1.全文的关键词,这样的词在每段均有出现,是不能单独用作定位词的(通过综观主副标题、插图和第一段第一句即可判断)。 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]2.表抽象或概括性的名词 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢Eg: concept; fact; understanding, importance, effect, how, way, description, insight, detail, suggestion, explanation, etc. (多位于题中的第一个名词,of/that之前;多见于于标题、多选多、信息包含等题)
[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢conclusion:找关键词(含AA&AB)的六大准则 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]1.AA重现的四大类,所有不太可能被替换的 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]2.表示方向、趋势变化的a/n/v(表示上升、下降;增加、减少的) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]3.表示否定含义的a/n/v( [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢否定词no, never, not, unless, without, less [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢否定前缀/后缀:im-/in/un/dis-/mis-/-less [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢隐含的否定词:ignore/neglect,stop/prevent/control,refuse/reject,resist/object, eliminate/kill/destroy,weakening, limited/lack/short, abandon/give up [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢conclusion:找关键词(含AA&AB)的六大准则 4. 表示时间观念的单词和词组+表示方位地点的词组(东西南北,左右前后 )
[size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢年龄:young, teenager, old [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢现在:now, present, recent [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢过去:ancient, history, in the past, early, first, original, ancestor [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢将来: in the future, hope, wish, plan, will/would [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢(注:在信息包含和标题题中的重要作用!) 5. 特殊的介词和连词词组(when…,even,…, before…, after…) 6. 比较级+最高级+并列结构(A and B…) [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢关于从句 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢定语从句 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢状语从句 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢宾语从句 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢同位语从句 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢关于题目同原文的对应 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢结构对仗 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢主动变被动 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢主语变宾语 [size=; FONT-SIZE: 70%,70%]¢A+vt+B=link between A and B |